Rent control laws in India were enacted to safeguard tenants from exploitation during periods of housing scarcity, particularly in the post-independence urban context. While these laws succeeded in providing long-term security to tenants, their rigid structure and prolonged application have produced significant legal and economic distortions. Statutory rent freezes, limited eviction grounds, and procedural delays have weakened landlords' property rights, discouraged investment in rental housing, and contributed to the deterioration of ageing urban infrastructure. This article critically examines the historical evolution and legal framework of rent control legislation in India, analysing key judicial interpretations that have attempted to rebalance competing interests. By integrating doctrinal analysis with the lived experiences of tenants and landlords, the article questions the continued relevance of traditional rent control regimes and evaluates recent reform initiatives aimed at creating a more equitable and functional rental housing market.