Abstract Purpose: This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for data preservation and security in selected academic libraries in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methodology: Using a quantitative survey design, the research examines AI adoption levels, institutional readiness, and implementation challenges. A structured questionnaire was administered to 145 library staff across selected federal and state academic libraries. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) were used to analyse demographic data and address research questions, while linear regression tested hypotheses at a 5% significance level. Findings: results indicate that AI adoption for data preservation and security remains low, underscoring its nascent stage of implementation. Nevertheless, libraries showed moderate readiness to integrate AI solutions. Institutional readiness significantly influenced AI adoption, suggesting that preparedness is a key driver of successful implementation. The study concludes that to fully leverage AI's potential, libraries must enhance infrastructure, train personnel, formulate strategic policies, and secure consistent funding. Conclusion/recommendations: It is recommended that dedicated budgetary allocations be established for AI-powered systems to ensure sustainable and effective digital preservation and security practices.