This paper investigates the mechanisms of contamination formation and deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) panels under various seasonal conditions and different angles of solar incidence. The study analyzes the influence of surface treatment levels of PV panels and dust particle size on the degree of surface contamination. Experimental results demonstrate the dependence of PV panel surface загрязнение on the time of day. It is shown that covering the surface of PV panels during nighttime, prior to sunrise, leads to a significant reduction in surface contamination, thereby contributing to the improvement of photovoltaic panel performance.