This thesis examines the role of financial management in promoting sustainable economic development, focusing on public financial management, corporate financial governance, green finance, and financial system stability. Drawing on empirical evidence from international organizations and peer-reviewed studies, the paper analyzes how effective budgeting, fiscal discipline, capital allocation, risk management, and sustainable finance instruments contribute to long-term economic growth, environmental protection, and social inclusion. The findings confirm that sound financial management practices improve macroeconomic stability, increase investment efficiency, reduce corruption risks, and mobilize resources for sustainable development goals (SDGs).