Abstract In the last twenty years, Nashik City, which is in the northern part of Maharashtra, India, has grown and changed a lot. It has become a key place for building up the economy, industry, and infrastructure. This study aims to examine the spatial dynamics of urban expansion in Nashik from 2000 to 2020 and to identify the principal factors driving these changes. The research employs multi-temporal satellite imagery alongside Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to provide a comprehensive spatial analysis of alterations in land use and land cover. We put together information about the economy and society, like population numbers, industrial output, and transportation infrastructure, to get a better understanding of what causes cities to grow. The study also shows where growth is happening and how much land that used to be open, agricultural, or forested has been turned into built-up areas. This shows how quickly and in what direction cities are growing in different parts of the city. The results show that cities grow mostly in a radial way, and that peri-urban areas see the most land conversion. The main reasons for this growth are more industries, more people moving to the area, and better roads and transportation systems. The data also shows how quickly urbanization affects natural resources, like bodies of water, forest cover, and farmland. Comprehensive data tables that track changes in land use and growth rates provide an unequivocal empirical basis for assessing the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban transformation. By combining quantitative spatial analysis with socio-economic factors, the study gives Nashik useful information for making long-term plans for cities and policies. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating environmental conservation, resource management, and infrastructure development into planning frameworks to ensure sustainable and resilient urban expansion in the future.