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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Variable Speed of Light as an Emergent Property of Gravitational Potential: A Z.I.P.P.E.D. Framework Approach

Authors: Zwanenburg, Michel Burgardus Albertus;

Variable Speed of Light as an Emergent Property of Gravitational Potential: A Z.I.P.P.E.D. Framework Approach

Abstract

This manuscript presents a comprehensive mechanical derivation of the speed of light ($c$) as an emergent property of spacetime under gravitational potential, using the Z.I.P.P.E.D. (Zwanenburg Interaction of Potential and Pressure-Emergent Dynamics) framework. By introducing two fundamental parameters—the Zwanenburg-graad ($Z_g = 1.585018443$), representing spacetime’s elastic resistance, and the Delta Zwanenburg ($\Delta = 3.577919735891648 \times 10^{-17},\text{m}$), representing the finite mechanical tolerance of the substrate—the study demonstrates that $c$ is not an absolute constant but a causal equilibration speed of the mechanical medium. Numerical predictions are provided for Earth, Mars, and the Moon, explaining observational phenomena such as Shapiro-delay, Pioneer-anomalies, and the trajectory of Oumuamua as direct consequences of the Delta Zwanenburg response. This work shifts the perspective of fundamental physics from abstract geometry to a tangible, mechanically consistent model. Keywords / Hashtags: #VariableSpeedOfLight #ZIPPEDFramework #ZwanenburgGraad #DeltaZwanenburg #EmergentPhysics #GravitationalPotential #ShapiroDelay #PioneerAnomaly #Oumuamua #MechanicalUniverse #TheoreticalPhysics

Keywords

#VariableSpeedOfLight #ZIPPEDFramework #ZwanenburgGraad #DeltaZwanenburg #EmergentPhysics #GravitationalPotential #ShapiroDelay #PioneerAnomaly #Oumuamua #MechanicalUniverse #TheoreticalPhysics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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