This article analyzes the organizational and economic directions for improving the cluster system in the fruit and vegetable sector. Based on global and national experience, the study examines the features of formation and development of fruit and vegetable clusters and assesses their impact on economic efficiency, food security, and export potential. Using data from 2019–2024, key challenges in the operation of existing clusters are identified, and an improved cluster structure is proposed, focusing on the expanded use of digital technologies, the introduction of innovative financing mechanisms, the strengthening of sustainable development principles, and the integration of research activities. The proposed approach aims to expand the value-added chain and enhance the competitiveness of the fruit and vegetable sector.