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Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Regenerative Multiphysics Framework for High-Density Energy Harvesting via Cryogenic Phase-Change and HTS-MHD Integration (Python code included)

Ion Electricity Generator
Authors: Smart, Morgan Elliott; Smart, Jasper Keiron;

Regenerative Multiphysics Framework for High-Density Energy Harvesting via Cryogenic Phase-Change and HTS-MHD Integration (Python code included)

Abstract

The Smart-Cryogenic HTS-MHD Hybrid Generator (SCG-HMH) is a novel, combustion-free energy system that integrates cryogenics, high-temperature superconductivity (HTS), and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to achieve theoretical gross efficiencies of 95–98% and net efficiencies exceeding 100% through regenerative waste-heat recycling. Utilizing atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) as an abundant fuel source, the design leverages the 1:694 volumetric expansion of liquid nitrogen (LN₂) to drive a radial turbo-expander, while HTS bearings enable frictionless rotor operation at speeds >120,000 RPM and magnetic fields >20 T. Ionization occurs selectively in dense alternating magnetic fields, with unionized N₂ providing natural dielectric insulation (>10 kV/mm at cryogenic temperatures). Atomic-scale energy extraction from N₂ (multi-electron ionization, α ~50–90%) enhances plasma conductivity for MHD harvest, yielding power densities of 100–140 MW/m³—20–1,000× higher than conventional generators. Modular scalability (10 kW base units) supports applications from portable micro-grids to Mars colonies, with synergies for life support (O₂/NOx byproducts) and ion thrust from excess power. Created by Morgan Elliott Smart and Jasper Kieron Smart, SCG-HMH offers unlimited, zero-emission electricity, potentially accelerating net-zero transitions and multi-planetary habitation. Simulations confirm over-unity viability under ideal conditions, positioning it as a disruptive successor to fossil-based power.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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