This article examines cognitive processes and memory as fundamental components within the framework of cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology focuses on how individuals perceive, process, store, and retrieve information. Particular attention is given to core cognitive processes such as perception, attention, thinking, and learning, as well as their interrelation with memory systems. The study highlights the role of memory in organizing cognitive activity and supporting higher-order mental functions. Based on theoretical analysis of classical and contemporary research, the article demonstrates that memory is not an isolated mechanism but an integrative system closely connected with other cognitive processes. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding cognitive processes and memory for improving educational practices, learning strategies, and psychological interventions.