Judicial Councils and Executive Compliance (1945–2025) This dataset contains country–year data on judicial governance institutions, executive compliance with court rulings, and political context for 47 European and neighboring countries between 1945 and 2025. It was constructed to study how the design of judicial councils conditions executive compliance under varying levels of political transparency and accountability. The results were published in J.-J. Vallbé (2026). Institutions of Independence? Judicial Councils and the Strategic Politics of Compliance. Political Research Quarterly. The classification of judicial governance institutions builds on and extends the framework proposed by Castillo-Ortiz (2023), adapting it for longitudinal and comparative analysis. Executive compliance measures are drawn from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, complemented with indicators of electoral integrity, media freedom, and political polarization. The dataset is designed for use in comparative political institutions, judicial politics, and rule-of-law research. It supports replication and extension of analyses examining the conditional effects of judicial governance arrangements on compliance with judicial decisions.