Sustainable economic development increasingly depends on a country’s capacity to formulate and implement a coherent, forward‑looking investment policy that ensures the efficient mobilization, allocation, and monitoring of domestic and foreign capital (Abel & Bernanke, 2012; World Bank, 2017). This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic essence of investment activity and substantiates the role of effective investment policy as a key driver of macroeconomic growth, structural transformation, and long‑term competitiveness.