This dataset contains the institutional texts, coded data, and analysis codeused in the study: “Divergent Institutional Logics of Quantification in Research Evaluation:Evidence from RPT Policies in Chinese and U.S. Research Universities”. The dataset consists of four components: (1) Original RPT policy documents from 100 research-intensive universities,including 50 institutions in China and 50 institutions in the United States.These documents include formal review, promotion, and tenure (RPT) policies,faculty appointment rules, and performance evaluation guidelines collectedfrom official university websites. (2) A consolidated coded dataset (Excel/CSV) summarizing institutional designfeatures for all 100 universities. The table includes the following variables: ID, Country, University, Authority Structure, Degree of Delegation,Outcome-based Threshold, Process-based Threshold, Performance Conversion,Peer Benchmarking. Each row represents one university. Binary indicators (“Yes/No”) and ordinalscales are used to capture how quantification is institutionally embeddedwithin RPT regimes across the two national contexts. (3) A Python script for statistical analysis and figure generation: “analysis_and_visualization_RPT_quantification.py”. This script reproduces the descriptive statistics, group comparisons, andfigures reported in the article. All coding was conducted from the original policy texts. The dataset andaccompanying analysis code are intended to support transparency,replicability, and comparative research on research evaluation,quantification, and higher education governance.