Brain health, encompassing cognitive vitality, emotional stability, and resilience against neurodegenerative disorders, is a growing global priority. Recent research emphasizes the interplay of lifestyle, diet, gut health, and mental practices in shaping cognitive outcomes. Interestingly, Indian philosophy, particularly traditions such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Vedānta, and Buddhism, anticipated these connections centuries ago, framing health as a dynamic balance of mind, body, and consciousness. This paper explores how Indian philosophical frameworks align with contemporary neuroscience and mental health research, with special reference to the gut–brain axis, meditation, and lifestyle practices. By synthesizing ancient insights with modern evidence, it argues for a holistic model of brain health that integrates diet, mindfulness, ethical living, and self-awareness.