India is an agrarian country, where nearly half of the population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture for its livelihood. Amid challenges such as rapid population growth, climate change, degradation of natural resources, and instability in farmers’ income, sustainable agriculture emerges as the most viable pathway to make India economically, socially, and environmentally self-reliant. By the year 2047, when India will complete 100 years of independence, the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) can be realized only if the agricultural sector becomes sustainable, profitable, and inclusive. This research paper analyzes the concept of sustainable agriculture, its necessity, challenges, government initiatives, and its role in achieving the Vision 2047.