Africa is home to a rich diversity of indigenous languages that shape how people think, create, and respond to social and economic challenges. These languages carry local knowledge, cultural values, and creative practices that support community survival and innovation. However, in many development efforts linked to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), indigenous languages are marginalized, limiting effective communication, participation, and sustainable outcomes. Despite global commitments to inclusion, most SDG policies and programmes in Africa are designed and implemented in foreign or official languages that many local people do not fully understand. This creates a gap between development goals and grassroots engagement, and weakens the role of creativity and local knowledge in development processes. This study examines the role of indigenous languages in promoting creativity and advancing sustainable development in Africa. Its main aim is to demonstrate how indigenous languages can unlock Africa’s growth potential by shaping thought and expanding human capabilities. It is guided by linguistic relativity, which explains how language influences thought and perception, and Amartya Sen’s capability approach, which views development as the expansion of people’s freedoms and abilities. Findings reveal that indigenous languages enhance creativity, improve understanding of development goals, and strengthen key capabilities such as education, economic participation, and social inclusion. The study concludes that integrating indigenous languages into SDG implementation is essential for inclusive, creative, and sustainable development in Africa