Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability among cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the early diagnosis, effective treatment, and prevention of complications associated with this condition. This article highlights modern approaches to the management of myocardial infarction, including diagnostic methods, pharmacological and invasive treatment strategies, as well as rehabilitation and secondary prevention. The abstract briefly analyzes the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction. The importance of modern diagnostic tools—such as high-sensitivity troponin assays, electrocardiography, and imaging techniques—is emphasized. The advantages of reperfusion therapy, particularly percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolytic therapy, are discussed. In addition, the role of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and statins in modern clinical protocols is analyzed. The importance of lifestyle modification, increased physical activity, and psychological support during the rehabilitation phase is substantiated. This article is intended for healthcare professionals, clinical residents, and medical students, providing systematic, evidence-based knowledge on modern approaches to the management of myocardial infarction.