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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Topological Integers Without Physics: Holonomic Closure in DNA

Authors: Broock, Scott;

Topological Integers Without Physics: Holonomic Closure in DNA

Abstract

Quantization—the restriction of observable quantities to discrete values—is widely regarded as a signature of quantum mechanics. In two preceding papers, we have shown that it is not. Wherever a conserved current traverses a multiply connected domain and must return to an equivalent value after projection, integer invariants follow. This holonomic closure condition produces quantum numbers in atoms, flux quanta in superconductors, and orbit numbers in black hole photon rings. Here we show that closed circular DNA satisfies the same three conditions: the phosphodiester backbone is the conserved current, the partner strand is the topological obstruction, and strand closure enforces equivalence after transport. The resulting linking number Lk is computed by the Gauss linking integral—the abelian Chern–Simons functional evaluated on two closed curves in ℝ³. The integer arises from degree theory of the Gauss map, independent of any physical quantization rule. Version history: v1 (February 2026): Initial release. v2 (February 2026): Terminology standardized to covering-space/projection language consistent with companion Papers 1, 2, and 4. "Single-valuedness" replaced throughout with "equivalence after transport/projection." Scale table unified to "covering-space constraint." Conclusion corrected from "geometric" to "topological" constraint. Bibliography updated to current titles and DOIs for Papers 1 and 2. No mathematical content changed.

Keywords

topology, Gauss linking integral, Chern-Simons, quantization, holonomic closure, DNA linking number, Călugăreanu theorem, covering spaces, topoisomerases

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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