Microlearning has emerged as a significant approach in corporate training and professional development, characterized by short, focused learning units designed to meet the demands of modern workforces (Jahnke et al., 2020; Leong et al., 2021). This review examines the theoretical foundations of microlearning, including Cognitive Load Theory, the spacing effect, just-in-time learning principles, and multimedia learning theory. The article analyzes current applications across industries such as healthcare, retail, technology, and manufacturing, drawing on empirical studies and industry reports. Evidence-based design principles for effective implementation are synthesized, addressing content design, pedagogical approaches, technical delivery, and assessment strategies. Key challenges and limitations are critically discussed, including content fragmentation risks, implementation barriers, and the need for integration with broader learning strategies. Future directions are explored, emphasizing the role of artificial intelligence, adaptive learning systems, and immersive technologies in advancing microlearning effectiveness. The article concludes that microlearning offers a valuable tool for timely and engaging professional development when implemented thoughtfully within comprehensive learning ecosystems, though significant research gaps remain regarding long-term retention and transfer to workplace performance.