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Model . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Model . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Can a simplified AI model predict atmospheric blocking without seeing them before?

Authors: Ren, Chengxun; Wang, Lei; Zhao, Yuan-Bing; Hassanzadeh, Pedram;

Can a simplified AI model predict atmospheric blocking without seeing them before?

Abstract

Predicting atmospheric blocking is a challenge in weather and climate modeling due to its complex dynamics and significant impact on extreme events like heatwaves and extreme precipitations. While recent deep learning-based forecasting systems show promise, it’s an open question about their ability to predict unseen extreme weather events, particularly without training on them. This study takes a minimalist approach by using a two-layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) model to simulate atmospheric blocking. We create a "miniature" version of a state-of-the-art machine learning workflow, inspired by the FourCastNet v1 framework, to analyze how ML architectures forecast blocking events. Our findings indicate that in this simplified framework, predictive capability for blocking comes from understanding general flow dynamics rather than direct exposure to blocking examples. This suggests that models do not need specific training on blocking events to make effective predictions. Our results underscore the significance of rare-event representation in ML-based geophysical predictions and highlight important considerations for dataset design, especially in areas where training resources are limited. Physically, our findings suggest that blocking events share similar dynamical processes with many other non-blocking events, suggesting that we do not need to train models specifically on blocking events to predict them effectively.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average