
The data files and code in this repository are associated with the work at https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15929, a work completed in collaboration with Joseph Silk. Abbreviations: BH: black hole SMBH: supermassive black hole NSC: nuclear star cluster TDE: tidal disruption event MS: main sequence WD: white dwarf NS: neutron star GW: gravitational wave SNR: signal-to-noise ratio SAMS: zero-age main-sequence Data Files: cluster_M*_t*_g1.5_G2.0_a0.5_R0_r0_N0_l0.08_u150.0_V265_Z0.002_s1.npz: snapshot of the NSC for central SMBH mass $M=10^5, 10^6, 10^7\,M_\odot$ at time $t=10^0, 10^1, 10^2, 10^3, 10^4\,\rm Myr$. Keys: type: stellar type (integer value; see below) m_star: stellar object mass (solar masses) r_star: stellar object radius (solar radii) L_star: stellar object luminosity (solar luminosities) T_eff: effective surface stellar temperature (Kelvin) M_core: stellar core mass (Msun) M_env: stellar envelope mass (Msun) S: stellar global spin r: stellar radius from the center of the NSC (pc) E: energy L: angular momentum a: semimajor axis (pc) e: eccentricity P: period (Myr) t_R: relaxation time (Myr) r_t: tidal radius (pc) r_brem: gravitational bremsstrahlung radius (pc) r_mb: marginally bound radius (gravitational radii of SMBH) r_lc: loss-cone radius (pc) phi: orbital inclination relative to SMBH's spin orientation theta_lc: loss-cone angle (radians) thetaD_plunge: diffusion angle for plunge/capture (radians) thetaD_inspiral: diffusion angle for inspiral (radians) beta: encounter strength parameter r_p: orbital pericenter with SMBH (pc) r_a: orbital apocenter with SMBH (pc) v_p: pericentric velocity (km/s) t_p: pericenter timescale (Myr) t_I: stellar internal timescale (Myr) v_star: stellar current velocity magnitude (km/s) R_elc: empty-loss-cone rates (/Myr) Rflc_plunge: full-loss-cone capture rates (/Myr) Rflc_inspiral: fill-loss-cone inspiral rates (/Myr) Rlc_plunge: loss-cone capture rates (/Myr) Rlc_inspiral: loss-cone inspiral rates (/Myr) t_gw: gravitational-wave inspiral timescale (Myr) t_AP: general-relativistic apsidal-precession timescale (Myr) t_MP: mass-precession timescale (Myr) t_coh: coherence timescale (Myr) t_RR: resonant-relaxation timescale (Myr) t_NRR: non-resonant-relaxation timescale (Myr) t_fb: fallback timescale of each possible TDE (Myr) eta_R: TDE radiative efficiency t: current time (Myr) M_BH: SMBH mass (Msun) a_BH: SMBH dimensional spin parameter gamma_light: light component cusp power law gamma_heavy: heavy compotent cusp power law m_lower: lower ZAMS mass (Msun) m_upper: heavier ZAMS mass (Msun) Z: absolute metallicity seed: seed integer number r_min_light: minimum radius of light component (pc) r_min_heavy: minimum radius of heavy component (pc) r_infl: radius of influence (pc) N_star: number of stars N_star_original: N_NS: number of neutron stars N_BH: number of stellar-mass black holes velo_disp: velocity dispersion (km/s) v_esc: escape velocity (km/s) psi: multimass relaxation factor m_avg: average stellar mass (Msun) lnL: Coulomb logarithm of the system MS: main sequence mask giant: giant mask core: core mask WD: WD mask NS: NS mask BH: BH mask t12MS_subset: half-life decay timescale (days) of TDE flare for a subset of 10^4 MS stars LpkMS_subset: peak luminosity (erg/s) of TDE flare for the subset of 10^4 MS stars mS_subset: masses (Msun) in the subset of the 10^4 MS stars rS_subset: radii (Rsun) in the subset of the 10^4 MS stars Rlc_plunge_MS: number loss-cone capture rate per unit star for MSs Rlc_plunge_giant: number loss-cone capture rate per unit star for giants Rlc_plunge_core: number loss-cone capture rate per unit star for cores Rlc_plunge_WD: number loss-cone capture rate per unit star for WDs Rlc_plunge_NS: number loss-cone capture rate per unit star for NSs Rlc_plunge_BH: number loss-cone capture rate per unit star for BHs Rlc_inspiral_MS: number loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for MSs Rlc_inspiral_giant: number loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for giants Rlc_inspiral_core: number loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for cores Rlc_inspiral_WD: number loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for WDs Rlc_inspiral_NS: number loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for NSs Rlc_inspiral_BH: number loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for BHs Mlc_plunge_MS: mass loss-cone capture rate per unit star for MSs Mlc_plunge_giant: mass loss-cone capture rate per unit star for giants Mlc_plunge_core: mass loss-cone capture rate per unit star for cores Mlc_plunge_WD: mass loss-cone capture rate per unit star for WDs Mlc_plunge_NS: mass loss-cone capture rate per unit star for NSs Mlc_plunge_BH: mass loss-cone capture rate per unit star for BHs Mlc_inspiral_MS: mass loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for MSs Mlc_inspiral_giant: mass loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for giants Mlc_inspiral_core: mass loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for cores Mlc_inspiral_WD: mass loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for WDs Mlc_inspiral_NS: mass loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for NSs Mlc_inspiral_BH: mass loss-cone inspiral rate per unit star for BHs Dlc_plunge_MS: capture duty cycle per unit star for MSs Dlc_plunge_giant: capture duty cycle per unit star for giants Dlc_plunge_core: capture duty cycle per unit star for cores Dlc_plunge_WD: capture duty cycle per unit star for WDs Dlc_plunge_NS: capture duty cycle per unit star for NSs Dlc_plunge_BH: capture duty cycle per unit star for BHs Dlc_inspiral_MS: inspiral duty cycle per unit star for MSs Dlc_inspiral_giant: inspiral duty cycle per unit star for giants Dlc_inspiral_core: inspiral duty cycle per unit star for cores Dlc_inspiral_WD: inspiral duty cycle per unit star for WDs Dlc_inspiral_NS: inspiral duty cycle per unit star for NSs Dlc_inspiral_BH: inspiral duty cycle per unit star for BHs Lpkt12MSsubset_M*_t*_g1.5_G2.0_a0.5_R0_r0_N0_l0.08_u150.0_V265_Z0.002_s1.npz: Keys: Lpk: Peak luminosities in erg/s t12: half-life of flare emission in days mS: MS star mass in solar masses rS: MS star radius in solar radii RMDlc_M*_g1.5_G2.0_a0.5_R0_r0_N0_l0.08_u150.0_V265_Z0.002.npz: Keys: Rlc_plunge_MS: mean plunge number rate of MS stars dRlc_plunge_MS: standard deviation of the plunge number rate of MS stars Rlc_inspiral_MS: mean inspiral number rate of MS stars dRlc_inspiral_MS: standard deviation of the inspiral number rate of MS stars Rlc_plunge_giant: mean plunge number rate of giant stars dRlc_plunge_giant: standard deviation of the plunge number rate of giant stars Rlc_inspiral_giant: mean inspiral number rate of giant stars dRlc_inspiral_giant: standard deviation of the inspiral number rate of giant stars Rlc_plunge_WD: mean plunge number rate of WD stars dRlc_plunge_WD: standard deviation of the plunge number rate of WD stars Rlc_inspiral_WD: mean inspiral number rate of WD stars dRlc_inspiral_WD: standard deviation of the inspiral number rate of WD stars Rlc_plunge_NS: mean plunge number rate of NSs dRlc_plunge_NS: standard deviation of the plunge number rate of NSs Rlc_inspiral_NS: mean inspiral number rate of NSs dRlc_inspiral_NS: standard deviation of the inspiral number rate of NSs Rlc_plunge_BH: mean plunge number rate of BHs dRlc_plunge_BH: standard deviation of the plunge number rate of BHs Rlc_inspiral_BH: mean inspiral number rate of BHs dRlc_inspiral_BH: standard deviation of the inspiral number rate of BHs Mlc_plunge_MS: mean plunge-mass accretion rate of MS stars dMlc_plunge_MS: standard deviation of the plunge-mass accretion rate of MS stars Mlc_inspiral_MS: mean inspiral-mass accretion rate of MS stars dMlc_inspiral_MS: standard deviation of the inspiral-mass accretion rate of MS stars Mlc_plunge_giant: mean plunge-mass accretion rate of giant stars dMlc_plunge_giant: standard deviation of the plunge-mass accretion rate of giant stars Mlc_inspiral_giant: mean inspiral-mass accretion rate of giant stars dMlc_inspiral_giant: standard deviation of the inspiral-mass accretion rate of giant stars Mlc_plunge_WD: mean plunge-mass accretion rate of WD stars dMlc_plunge_WD: standard deviation of the plunge-mass accretion rate of WD stars Mlc_inspiral_WD: mean inspiral-mass accretion rate of WD stars dMlc_inspiral_WD: standard deviation of the inspiral-mass accretion rate of WD stars Mlc_plunge_NS: mean plunge-mass accretion rate of NSs dMlc_plunge_NS: standard deviation of the plunge-mass accretion rate of NSs Mlc_inspiral_NS: mean inspiral-mass accretion rate of NSs dMlc_inspiral_NS: standard deviation of the inspiral-mass accretion rate of NSs Mlc_plunge_BH: mean plunge-mass accretion rate of BHs dMlc_plunge_BH: standard deviation of the plunge-mass accretion rate of BHs Mlc_inspiral_BH: mean inspiral-mass accretion rate of BHs dMlc_inspiral_BH: standard deviation of the inspiral-mass accretion rate of BHs Dlc_plunge_MS: mean plunge duty cycle of MS stars dDlc_plunge_MS: standard deviation of the plunge duty cycle of MS stars Dlc_inspiral_MS: mean inspiral duty cycle of MS stars dDlc_inspiral_MS: standard deviation of the inspiral duty cycle of MS stars Dlc_plunge_giant: mean plunge duty cycle of giant stars dDlc_plunge_giant: standard deviation of the plunge duty cycle of giant stars Dlc_inspiral_giant: mean inspiral duty cycle of giant stars dDlc_inspiral_giant: standard deviation of the inspiral duty cycle of giant stars Dlc_plunge_WD: mean plunge duty cycle of WD stars dDlc_plunge_WD: standard deviation of the plunge duty cycle of WD stars Dlc_inspiral_WD: mean inspiral duty cycle of WD stars dDlc_inspiral_WD: standard deviation of the inspiral duty cycle of WD stars Dlc_plunge_NS: mean plunge duty cycle of NSs dDlc_plunge_NS: standard deviation of the plunge duty cycle of NSs Dlc_inspiral_NS: mean inspiral duty cycle of NSs dDlc_inspiral_NS: standard deviation of the inspiral duty cycle of NSs Dlc_plunge_BH: mean plunge duty cycle of BHs dDlc_plunge_BH: standard deviation of the plunge duty cycle of BHs Dlc_inspiral_BH: mean inspiral duty cycle of BHs dDlc_inspiral_BH: standard deviation of the inspiral duty cycle of BHs GW-*_M*_*_g1.5_G2.0_a0.5_R0_r0_N0_l0.08_u150.0_V265_Z0.002_s1.npz: Keys: f_0: initial GW frequency of each bound captured pair e_0: initial eccentricity of each bound captured pair f_EMRI: initial frequency of each inspiral e_EMRI: initial eccentricity of each inspiral m: secondary's mass (solar masses) R: secondary's radius (pc) v: secondary's velocity at infinity (km/s) prograde: it is True if orbital angular momentum points in the direction of SMBH's spin, else it is False x: maximum between the radius of the compact object and the marginally-bound radius of the SMBH, normalized to the gravitational radius of the system z: redshift of the event f: observer-frame GW frequency bins (Hz) h_plunge: characteristic GW strain for all captures in a subset over the frequency bins f, including 100 harmonics h_inspiral: characteristic GW strain for all EMRIs in a subset over the frequency bins f, including 100 harmonics t_plunge: time for merger in a captured pair Rlc_plunge: loss-cone rate for captures Rlc_inspiral: loss-cone rate for EMRIs M_BH: mass of the SMBH N_true: true number of compact objects N_used: subset of at most 1000 randomly-sampled compact objects V: effective comoving volume accounting for time delays (Mpc^3) n: number density of SMBHs (Mpc^-3) N_plunge_Tobs: intrinsic number of captures in observation time Tobs N_inspiral_Tobs: intrinsic number of EMRIs in observation time Tobs h_plunge_z10: characteristic GW strain for all captures in a subset over the frequency bins f, including 100 harmonics, at redshift z=10 h_inspiral_z10: characteristic GW strain for all EMRIs in a subset over the frequency bins f, including 100 harmonics, at redshift z=10 SNR_plunge_LISA: SNR of each capture in LISA SNR_inspiral_LISA: SNR of each inspiral in LISA SNR_plunge_LGWA: SNR of each capture in LGWA SNR_inspiral_LGWA: SNR of each inpsiral in LGWA fdet_plunge_LISA_SNR10: fraction of captures with a LISA-SNR>10 fdet_inspiral_LISA_SNR10: fraction of inspirals with a LISA-SNR>10 fdet_plunge_LGWA_SNR10: fraction of captures with a LGWA-SNR>10 fdet_inspiral_LGWA_SNR10: fraction of inspirals with a LGWA-SNR>10 Code Files: module.py: contains all imports, constants, and functions used to create the NSC snapshot. main.py: accepts user inputs, calls routines from the module, and exports the NSC snapshot in the cluster*.npz file. postanalysis.py: calculates mean rates and standard deviations over different realizations, the properties of MS TDEs, and exports the Lpkt*.npz and RMDlc*.npz files. gravitational_waves.py: computes the GW strain for plunges and inspirals of all compact objects as well as the SNRs for LISA, and exports the GW*.npz files. Important Note: Some snapshot files were used in the post-analysis but were not uploaded to this dataset due to storage limitations. Please contact Konstantinos Kritos, the creator and owner of this repository, to get access to all data files.
