Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that significantly reduces patients’ quality of life and contributes to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hemodialysis is the primary renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage CKD; however, metabolic and hematological abnormalities such as elevated urea and creatinine levels and decreased hemoglobin levels remain common. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between urea, creatinine, and hemoglobin levels and the duration of conventional hemodialysis in CKD patients at Bahteramas Regional General Hospital in 2025. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 197 CKD patients undergoing conventional hemodialysis, selected using systematic random sampling from a population of 387 patients treated between 2024 and November 2025. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression tests. The results showed a statistically significant negative correlation between urea levels and the duration of hemodialysis (r = −0.423; p = 0.000), indicating that longer hemodialysis duration was associated with lower urea levels. Creatinine levels were also negatively correlated with hemodialysis duration, although the correlation was very weak (r = −0.176; p = 0.013). In contrast, hemoglobin levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the duration of hemodialysis (r = 0.354; p = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that urea and hemoglobin levels had a significant partial effect on the duration of hemodialysis, with urea being the most dominant factor, followed by hemoglobin, while creatinine showed no significant effect. These findings suggest that urea and hemoglobin levels are important indicators associated with the duration of conventional hemodialysis in CKD patients.