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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
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On the Non-Uniqueness of Continuous Extensions Beyond Event Horizons

Authors: Rahman, Sabbir;

On the Non-Uniqueness of Continuous Extensions Beyond Event Horizons

Abstract

We investigate the continuation of spacetimes beyond the null boundary of the maximal globally hyperbolic development arising in gravitational collapse. Using the characteristic initial value formulation of the Einstein equations, we show thatfixing the intrinsic geometry of a smooth null hypersurface does not, in general, determine a unique future extension once C^1 regularity across the hypersurface is relaxed. In particular, allowing the spacetime metric to be merely continuous (C^0) permits inequivalent future extensions solving the Einstein equations in the weak (distributional) sense. In spherical symmetry, we construct explicit examples of such extensions, including non-focusing interior developments in which curvature invariants remain bounded in a neighbourhood to the future of the null hypersurface. We further show that any asymptotically flat exterior completion compatible with these regular interior developments must be non-vacuum. The analysis is extended to axisymmetric spacetimes, where we identify the corresponding freedom in transversal null data on rotating horizons. These results demonstrate that the standard singular black-hole interior corresponds to a particular admissible continuation beyond the null boundary of the maximal globally hyperbolic development, rather than a uniquely determined geometric outcome of the Einstein equations. All statements are local in nature and do not address global evolution or dynamical selection.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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