Amniotic fluid volume abnormalities are an important diagnostic and prognostic indicator of abnormal pregnancy. Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are often accompanied by fetal developmental abnormalities and structural changes in the placenta. This article examines the clinical and morphological parallels between various forms of amniotic fluid volume abnormalities, analyzing their causes, clinical manifestations, and morphological features of the placental -fetal complex. The importance of a comprehensive clinical and morphological approach for assessing fetal condition and prognosticating pregnancy is emphasized.