
Este trabajo interpreta el desempeño del modelo económico boliviano entre 2004 y 2025. La literatura macroeconómica moderna permite identificar sus principales estímulos y límites, entre ellos la doble subvención a la mano de obra y al carburante, junto a proteccionismos industriales orientados a dinamizar el aparato privado. Pese a una fase inicial de bonanza (2004–2014), sustentada en un patrón primario-exportador, subsidios generalizados y un tipo de cambio fijo respaldado por Reservas Internacionales Netas, el modelo no se tradujo en inversión productiva ni en transformaciones estructurales. El concepto de Espejismo de la Riqueza permite explicar cómo elevados niveles de consumo y acumulación de capital coexistieron con una débil diversificación productiva. En un contexto de desconfianza institucional, los agentes económicos priorizaron el ahorro precautorio, la fuga de capitales y la canalización de excedentes hacia sectores de retornos de corto plazo, como la banca, la agroindustria, la minería y el sector inmobiliario.
This study examines the performance of the Bolivian economic model between 2004 and 2025. Modern macroeconomic literature allows for the identification of its principal drivers and constraints, among them the dual subsidy on labor and fuel, alongside industrial protectionist measures aimed at invigorating the private sector. Despite an initial phase of prosperity (2004–2014), sustained by a primary-export pattern, widespread subsidies, and a fixed exchange rate backed by Net International Reserves, the model did not translate into productive investment or structural transformation. The concept of the Mirage of Wealth helps to explain how elevated levels of consumption and capital accumulation coexisted with weak productive diversification. Within a context of institutional distrust, economic agents prioritized precautionary savings, capital flight, and the allocation of surpluses toward sectors yielding short-term returns, such as banking, agribusiness, mining, and real estate
Modelo Económico,, Confianza institucional,, Política cambiaria,, Estancamiento Económico,
Modelo Económico,, Confianza institucional,, Política cambiaria,, Estancamiento Económico,
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