The article explores the interrelation of language and culture as a central issue in modern philology. It examines how language functions not only as a means of communication but also as a carrier of cultural values, collective memory, and social norms. Special attention is given to the ways cultural context influences linguistic structures, meanings, and discourse practices, as well as how language, in turn, shapes cultural identity and worldview. The study draws on contemporary linguistic theories, including cultural linguistics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis, to demonstrate the dynamic and reciprocal nature of language–culture interaction. The article emphasizes the relevance of this interdependence for modern philological research, intercultural communication, and language education.