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ZENODO
Other ORP type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other ORP type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other ORP type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Odd Perfect Numbers Do Not Exist

RP No.22
Authors: KEI, SHIRAISHI;

Odd Perfect Numbers Do Not Exist

Abstract

Description This work presents a purely structural proof that odd perfect numbers do not exist. Building on Euler’s classical representationN = p^{4k+1} m², p ≡ 1 (mod 4),we analyze the defining equation σ(N) = 2N through p-adic valuation transfer, multiplicative order constraints, and exponent parity conditions. The key observation is that all p-adic valuation required by σ(N) = 2N must be supplied by σ(m²), while each prime power divisor of m contributes to this valuation only in discrete units determined by order-theoretic constraints. These discrete valuation contributions are shown to be incompatible with the exponent structure imposed by the Eulerian form. The argument is entirely non-computational and does not rely on finite enumeration, size bounds, or numerical verification. The contradiction arises purely from valuation structure, multiplicative orders, and exponent constraints. As a consequence, no configuration within the Eulerian framework can satisfy all necessary conditions simultaneously, leading to a structural nonexistence result for odd perfect numbers. This Zenodo version presents the full logical conclusion explicitly. A more conservative formulation, avoiding an explicit nonexistence claim, has been prepared separately for journal submission. Keywords odd perfect numbersnumber theoryEulerian formdivisor sum functionp-adic valuationmultiplicative orderexponent constraintsstructural eliminationnon-computational proofvaluation theory Optional Metadata Related identifiersIs supplement to:Structural Elimination of a Touchard Branch in Odd Perfect Numbers (RP14) CommunitiesMathematicsNumber Theory LicenseCC BY 4.0 Version noteThis version explicitly states the nonexistence conclusion.A journal-safe variant formulates the result as a structural collapse of the Eulerian framework.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average