The persistent rise in diabetes mellitus worldwide has intensified interest in medicinal plants as alternative or complementary therapeutic agents. Strychnos potatorum Linn., a well-recognized plant in traditional Indian medicine, has historically been used for ocular ailments and detoxification purposes. Recent scientific investigations have expanded its relevance to metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes mellitus. This review critically examines the antidiabetic potential of Strychnos potatorum with reference to its phytochemical composition, pharmacological actions, and underlying mechanisms. The role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance in diabetes progression is discussed in relation to the bioactivity of the plant. In addition, the importance of modern drug delivery strategies, especially ophthalmic in situ gel systems, is highlighted for managing diabetes-associated ocular complications. The review aims to provide a scientifically grounded and original perspective on the therapeutic relevance of Strychnos potatorum in diabetes management.