This thesis is devoted to the study of the social life of the peoples of Central Asia based on the historical works of Khalifa ibn Hayyot, one of the prominent representatives of Muslim historiography of the 8th–9th centuries. The study analyzes the social structure of society, the lifestyle of the population, religious and cultural relations, as well as the influence of Islam on the social life of the region. The thesis substantiates the importance of Khalifa ibn Hayyot’s works as a significant historical source for the study of the history of Central Asia.