Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of nephropathy, with microalbuminuria being one of its key indicators. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical study, conducted from June 24 to July 17, 2024. It included T2D outpatients followed in Parakou, in whom 24-hour microalbuminuria was measured using the immunofluorescence method. An exhaustive sampling method was used. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/24h. Factors associated with microalbuminuria were identified using logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: A total of 192 T2D patients were included. Their mean age was 58.27 ± 11.06 years, with a female predominance (65.63%). The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 17.71% (95% CI [10.67–26.83]). In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 50 years (OR = 3.23; p < 0.001), disease duration ≥ 5 years (OR = 2.54; p < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 8.24; p < 0.001), high blood glucose (OR = 2.52; p = 0.015), and elevated serum creatinine (OR = 16.98; p = 0.022) were significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion: The prevalence of microalbuminuria is substantial among patients with type 2 diabetes in Parakou. Hypertension, elevated blood glucose, and increased serum creatinine levels are factors that promote microalbuminuria among these patients.