Abstract: Informed consent and respect for patient autonomy are fundamental ethical and legal principles in healthcare, yet their application in obstetric practice remains complex and often contested. Obstetric care frequently involves urgent decision-making, power imbalances, sociocultural influences, and medicalized models of childbirth, all of which can compromise a woman’s ability to exercise informed choice. Reports of obstetric violence, coerced consent, and non-consented procedures such as episiotomy, labor augmentation, or cesarean section highlight persistent gaps between ethical ideals and clinical practice. This review article critically examines the concept of informed consent and autonomy within obstetric procedures, exploring ethical foundations, legal frameworks, clinical challenges, and the pivotal role of healthcare professionals—particularly nurses and midwives—in safeguarding women’s rights. The article synthesizes existing literature to analyze barriers to informed consent in obstetrics, including emergency situations, communication gaps, cultural norms, and institutional constraints. Strategies to promote shared decision-making, respectful maternity care, and woman-centered obstetric practice are discussed. Strengthening informed consent processes in obstetrics is essential not only for ethical and legal compliance but also for improving maternal satisfaction, trust in healthcare systems, and overall maternal and neonatal outcomes.