Chemistry, as a central science linking microscopic structures to macroscopic properties, plays an indispensable role in the research, development, and quality assurance of anticancer drugs. Drawing on the author's professional experience, this article explores how to translate real-world cases from pharmaceutical analysis laboratories into vivid teaching resources for high school chemistry. By deconstructing the chemical nature of classic drugs such as cisplatin and paclitaxel, and associating them with modern analytical technologies including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), this article aims to construct a bridge between cutting-edge scientific research and basic education. The goal is to help students deeply understand the core chemical tenet that "structure determines properties and properties dictate applications", and to inspire their enthusiasm for scientific inquiry and sense of social responsibility.