This dataset contains a transcription of the minutes of the Barbados Assembly and Governor’s Council for the years 1654–1658. The material derives from Colonial Office records held at The National Archives, Kew (TNA), reference CO 30/1, and ultimately from original records preserved at the Barbados Archives. The present text is a lightly modernised version of a typescript produced in Barbados in the 1930s. That typescript was itself made from the seventeenth-century originals. The transcription preserves the structure, sequence, and substance of the minutes while regularising spelling, punctuation, and layout to improve readability. The minutes record the routine business of colonial government in mid-seventeenth-century Barbados, including judicial proceedings, petitions, appointments to office, financial orders, regulation of trade and excise, punishment of offences, administration of estates, and matters relating to defence, labour, and public order. Collectively, they provide detailed insight into the political, legal, and social workings of the island during the period of the English Commonwealth and Protectorate. The material spans approximately 1654–1658 and is presented as a continuous running text rather than as discrete document-level records.