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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Stage I of a Relativistic Consistency Program - Resolving the S8 Tension with a Minimal Late–Time Modification of Gravity.

Authors: COUTINHO, Fernando Cesar Coelho;

Stage I of a Relativistic Consistency Program - Resolving the S8 Tension with a Minimal Late–Time Modification of Gravity.

Abstract

A persistent internal inconsistency known as the S8 tension challenges the concordance cosmological model, with Cosmic Microwave Background data favoring a more strongly clustered universe than indicated by weak–lensing surveys. Rather than proposing a specific modified–gravity theory, this work implements the first stage of a falsifiable, staged consistency program designed to isolate the physical origin of late–time cosmic acceleration. Stage I of the program consists of three necessary empirical viability tests: background expansion consistency (A), growth consistency (B), and weak–lensing consistency with controlled amplitude identifiability (C1). Within this framework, a minimal, scale–independent late–time modification of the Poisson sector is introduced as a diagnostic deformation. A numerical analysis based on Planck 2018 and DES Y3 data shows that General Relativity exhibits a tension of 1.88σ with respect to late–time clustering measurements. By weakening the effective gravitational coupling to µ = 0.9605, corresponding to a suppression of approximately 4%, the reconstructed value of S8 converges exactly to the center of the DES Y3 confidence region, yielding a residual tension of 0.00σ. Stability tests and redshift–evolution scans demonstrate that the solution is smooth, scale–independent, and preserves the standard hierarchy of structure formation. All Stage I consistency conditions are therefore satisfied, defining a narrow empirical viability window. This result establishes the controlled target region in which the decisive Stage II (C2), based on tomographic reconstruction of the Newton and Weyl sectors, becomes maximally sensitive (see Ref. [18]) to genuine relativistic inconsistencies.

No artificial intelligence system was used to generate scientific ideas, formulate hypotheses, establish the scientific logic, design physical models, interpret results, or draw conclusions. The conception of the hypotheses, the definition of the logical structure, and the scientific architecture of this work were carried out entirely by the author. Artificial intelligence tools were employed exclusively as technical assistants for computational implementation, code development, LaTeX formatting, figure preparation, and language editing, always under the direct direction and supervision of the author. The author bears full responsibility for the originality, correctness, coherence, and integrity of all scientific content presented in this work.

This work constitutes Stage I (empirical viability) of a staged relativistic consistency program, providing the observational baseline for the relativistic consistency criterion introduced in Coutinho (2026), Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.18344198.

Keywords

cosmic acceleration, relativistic consistency, relativistic cosmology, weak lensing, S8 tension, growth of structure, cosmology, modified gravity, large-scale structure

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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