
Abstract This paper resolves the classic tension between divine sovereignty and human moral responsibility. We argue that models like Molinism and Theological Libertarianism fail within a coherent monotheistic framework, as they introduce ontological dualism by granting creatures independent causal power. Our solution integrates Islamic Strong Occasionalism with analytic philosophy. We propose that human agency is formal, not efficient. Humans act as loci of navigation across the branching map of divine possibilities. Responsibility lies at an Ontological Intersection, where human will (as formal cause) meets God's continuous creative act. Our ontology rests on Strong Occasionalism: God is the sole Efficient Cause. Evil is understood via Sadrian existential gradation (tashkik al-wujud) as privatio boni—a deficiency of existential intensity on a fuzzy spectrum. To prevent fatalism, we employ Weak Supervenience: God actualizes one temporal branch, while other possible branches remain intact, preserving contingency and shielding the system from modal collapse. Using fuzzy logic, we quantify intention and consciousness as continuous variables [0,1]. The Islamic concept of Kasb (Acquisition) is reconceived as Kasb 2.0, where responsibility is measured by an agent's degree of conscious "Presence". This yields a coherent theodicy: divine justice reflects the ontological resonance between divine purity and an agent's constituted state. We conclude that sovereignty transposes morality to the plane of Ontological Identity: humans are responsible for the quality of their being, not for events. This reformulation preserves both absolute transcendence and meaningful accountability. Consequently, this synthesis offers a novel, metaphysically coherent framework that resolves the sovereignty-responsibility dilemma while maintaining strict monotheistic commitments. Keywords: Divine Sovereignty, Human Moral Responsibility, Occasionalism, Formal Agency, Fuzzy Logic, Theodicy, Islamic Philosophy, Branching Time Metaphysics. Note: This is a preprint version of a research paper exploring the intersection of Islamic analytic theology and formal logic.
AI Disclosure: Generative AI was utilized in this research for formalizing logical notations, structuring the technical appendix, and refining the synthesis of theological concepts. The core philosophical arguments and conceptual frameworks were developed by the author.
Fuzzy logic, Mulla Sadra, Islamic metaphysics, Theodicy, Strong occasionalism, Formal Agency
Fuzzy logic, Mulla Sadra, Islamic metaphysics, Theodicy, Strong occasionalism, Formal Agency
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