Background: Healthcare quality improvement (HQI) has emerged as a critical global priority aimed at enhancing patient safety, clinical outcomes, and system efficiency. Despite substantial investments, variability in care delivery and patient outcomes persists across healthcare settings. Objective: The present study aims to examine contemporary approaches to healthcare quality improvement, identify key determinants influencing quality outcomes, and assess evidence- based strategies for sustainable improvement. Methods: A descriptive and analytical review design was adopted. Peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from 2015–2024 were systematically reviewed. Studies focusing on quality frameworks, patient safety, performance indicators, and improvement interventions were included. Results: Findings indicate that multimodal quality improvement strategies—integrating leadership engagement, data-driven decision-making, workforce training, and patient-centered care—significantly enhance healthcare outcomes. Digital health tools and continuous quality improvement models further strengthen monitoring and accountability. Conclusion: Effective healthcare quality improvement requires a systems-based approach supported by strong governance, continuous evaluation, and stakeholder participation. Future initiatives should emphasize scalability, digital integration, and context-specific adaptation.