The interplay between the black hole information paradox, relativistic time dilation and the extreme gravitational environment near event horizons represents one of the most profound conceptual challenges in modern theoretical physics. While general relativity predicts the irreversible loss of information in classical black hole evaporation, quantum mechanics demands strict unitarily, giving rise to the long-standing information paradox. Simultaneously, the intense curvature of space time near a black hole induces strong gravitational time dilation, fundamentally altering causal structure, the perception of quantum processes and the evolution of matter fields. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation that unifies these phenomena within the broader search for a quantum theory of gravity. We analyze the semi-classical foundations of black hole thermodynamics, the role of Hawking radiation in information loss and the implications of near horizon time dilation on entanglement dynamics. Additionally, we examine competing resolutions to the paradox including the holographic principle surfaces, firewall proposals, fuzz-ball models and loop quantum gravity inspired discreteness. Though this synthesis, we highlight how extreme gravity serves as a natural laboratory for probing the quantum structure of space time and propose a framework in which time dilation, horizon microstates and quantum information flow are deeply interconnected. Our finding emphasize that a consistent quantum gravitational resolution of the paradox must simultaneously account for causal structure, entropy bounds and the microscopic degrees of freedom encoded in the event horizon, offering new insights into the fundamental nature of space, time and information.