Currently, one of the important tasks is the study of the main regularities of the formation of balneological resources, the development of theoretical foundations for their rational use, assessment of their impact on public health and reduction of negative consequences, as well as conducting research aimed at improving the environmental situation. As a result of the increase in the amount of harmful substances emitted by man into nature, chemical compounds accumulate in the environment, and the number of various diseases increases significantly as a result of air, water, and soil pollution and poisoning. In the treatment of such diseases, balneological resources are of great importance. In our republic, there are many natural inorganic mineral waters, therapeutic mud (peloids), sand, caves, salts, and balneological resources with therapeutic properties in natural climatic conditions. Increasing the effectiveness of treatment using balneological resources, protecting them from pollution and deterioration requires separate scientific research. Currently, issues of balneological resources and their rational use, as well as scientific research aimed at improving the ecological situation, are of great importance. In this regard, research aimed at the rational use and protection of balneological resources based on the identification of natural geographical factors and patterns of their formation and distribution in the context of global climate change is of current importance.