This scientific article comprehensively examines the unique characteristics, evolving mechanisms, and future pathways for financing the social sphere in Uzbekistan. The research is framed within the national strategic objective of building a sustainable "Social State," a principle enshrined in the country’s constitutional reforms. The article identifies a hybrid financing model in transition, marked by persistent state dominance, growing private household expenditures, and underdeveloped institutional alternatives. Through a qualitative analysis of policy documents, fiscal data, and institutional frameworks, the study highlights critical challenges including fiscal sustainability, regional disparities, and inefficiencies in resource allocation. The discussion proposes a multi-vector strategic framework for achieving sustainable financing, emphasizing the optimization of public spending, the catalytic development of public-private partnerships (PPPs), the formalization of social insurance, and the leveraging of digitalization. The conclusion asserts that a balanced, innovative, and inclusive financing ecosystem is paramount for realizing the vision of a resilient social state that fosters human capital and equitable development.