Construction projects are increasingly exposed to compound climate stress, disaster risk, and sustainability pressures, yet prevailing construction management approaches remain fragmented and hazard-specific, limiting their ability to stabilize performance under interacting risk conditions. This study presents a theory-building, multi-hazard and climate-resilient construction management framework that integrates climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and circular construction within a performance-centered, governance-led structure. Developed through a structured conceptual synthesis of empirically grounded literature on climate–productivity relationships, seismic risk and recovery, disaster governance, and circular construction, the framework conceptualizes construction projects as adaptive socio-technical systems in which external hazards act as exogenous stressors, project performance defined by productivity, schedule reliability, cost stability, and safety constitutes the central system outcome, and management and governance represent the sole decision-making and control mechanism. Circular and digital systems are explicitly positioned as non-autonomous enablers that support monitoring, recoverability, and adaptive planning without displacing managerial authority. As a theory-first contribution, the study does not provide empirical or simulation-based validation; instead, it advances construction management scholarship by delivering an integrated and causally explicit framework that moves beyond single-hazard perspectives toward multi-hazard systems thinking, establishing a robust foundation for future empirical testing, simulation modeling, and climate-informed policy and practice across diverse construction contexts.