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Von Neumann vs Brain-like Architecture: A Quantitative Comparison of Information Capacity and Efficiency

Authors: Funasaki, Hiroto;

Von Neumann vs Brain-like Architecture: A Quantitative Comparison of Information Capacity and Efficiency

Abstract

I present a comprehensive quantitative comparison between von Neumann and brain-like computing architectures, focusing on information capacity, energy efficiency, and fault tolerance. **Key findings (v1):**- Information Capacity: Brain-like architecture achieves up to 9.3×10^13× more capacity using burst coding (phase + inter-spike interval)- Energy Efficiency: 100× more efficient due to elimination of bus transfers- Fault Tolerance: Graceful degradation up to 30% component failure- Real-World Tasks: 4/4 correct vs 3/4 for von Neumann **NEW in v2 - 11-Dimensional Brain Structure:**- Based on Blue Brain Project's discovery of 11D clique structures in the brain- 11D Hypercube achieves 8× faster information propagation than 2D grid- MNIST 10-digit classification: 9D Hypercube achieves 90.6% accuracy (best)- Base-10 shows maximum advantage (+4.2%) for hypercube topology- Parameter efficiency: 186× reduction compared to full connection **NEW in v3 - Cryptographic Applications:**- 11D Hypercube Reservoir passes ALL 9 NIST SP 800-22 randomness tests- 65% fewer connections than random sparse networks with equivalent security- Sequence length independence: 10-16% improvement across 10-500 character sequences- First demonstration of brain-like topology achieving cryptographic-grade randomness This may explain why humans naturally developed the base-10 numeral system: 10 fingers + 11-dimensional brain = optimal for 10 categories. Four coding schemes compared:1. Rate Coding: 2.5×10^10× capacity2. Phase Coding: 10^10× capacity3. Burst Coding: 9.3×10^13× capacity (novel finding)4. Correlation Coding: 10^9× capacity This work provides theoretical foundation for the advantages of temporal coding, high-dimensional topology, and structured connectivity in brain-inspired computing systems, with reproducible Python simulations. GitHub: https://github.com/hafufu-stack/brain-vs-neumann

Keywords

Neuromorphic Computing, Energy Efficiency, burst coding, Noise Robustness, Language Model, information capacity, Reservoir Computing, Membrane Potential, neuromorphic computing, Spiking Neural Networks, temporal coding, von Neumann architecture, spiking neural networks, Cryptography, Spiking Neural Network, brain-inspired computing, energy efficiency

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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