Abstract India is steadily advancing toward a sustainable future through a series of policy interventions aligned with global environmental commitments. This research paper examines India’s policy-driven transition toward a greener economy, highlighting historical environmental consciousness, major policy milestones, implementation challenges, and future aspirations. By analyzing key government initiatives in renewable energy, environmental protection, sustainable agriculture, waste management, and climate resilience, the paper underscores India’s efforts to balance development with ecological responsibility. The study also evaluates the hurdles to achieving long-term sustainability and proposes strategic pathways for strengthening India’s green transition. This work is relevant to policymakers, academic scholars, environmental planners, and government institutions seeking insights into India’s environmental governance and its future agenda for sustainability.