Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the group most often used in human and veterinary medicine, since they are available without prescription for the treatment of fever and minor pain. The clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs requires effective analytical procedures for quality control, as well as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals has been conducted regarding the instrumental analytical methods developed and used for the determination of various NSAIDs. Analytical method development and its validation is an important aspect of the drug discovery process. Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most common analytical method utilized for the analysis of drugs due to its accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity. The development and validation of analytical methods provide accurate and precise data to ensure drug quality and safety. Several methods of analysis are reported and available for the estimation of NSAIDs, including RP-HPLC. This review article briefly discusses the analytical methods available for the estimation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, specifically focusing on RP-HPLC.