
Résumé L’article analyse la dépendance croissante du Maroc aux importations de céréales et ses conséquences sur la sécurité alimentaire nationale. Malgré l’importance stratégique de l’agriculture, la production céréalière reste insuffisante et très vulnérable aux aléas climatiques, notamment aux sécheresses récurrentes. La forte consommation de blé, parmi les plus élevées au monde, accentue le déficit structurel entre l’offre nationale et la demande. Cette situation expose le pays aux fluctuations des marchés mondiaux et aux chocs géopolitiques, comme l’a montré la crise des prix en 2022-2023. L’article examine les facteurs structurels de cette dépendance, tels que la faible productivité, la prédominance de l’agriculture pluviale et l’insuffisance des capacités de stockage. Il évalue également les impacts économiques, sociaux et nutritionnels de cette dépendance. Il analyse le rôle des politiques publiques, notamment les subventions, l’action de l’ONICL et les stratégies agricoles nationales. Enfin, il propose des pistes de résilience visant à renforcer la souveraineté alimentaire à l’horizon 2030, à travers l’irrigation stratégique, la diversification agricole et une gouvernance adaptative. Mots clés : Sécurité alimentaire, Dépendance céréalière, Maroc, Politique agricole, Souveraineté alimentaire, Résilience. Abstract This article analyses Morocco's growing dependence on cereal imports and its consequences for national food security. Despite the strategic importance of agriculture, cereal production remains insufficient and is heavily affected by climatic hazards, particularly recurrent droughts. High wheat consumption, which is among the highest in the world, exacerbates the structural deficit between domestic supply and demand. This situation exposes the country to global market fluctuations and geopolitical shocks, as demonstrated by the price crisis of 2022-2023. The article examines the structural factors behind this dependence, such as low productivity, the predominance of rain-fed agriculture and insufficient storage capacity. It also assesses the economic, social and nutritional consequences of this dependence. It analyses the role of public policies, particularly subsidies, the functioning of the National Organisation for Wheat, Maize and Cowpea (ONICL) and national agricultural strategies. Finally, it proposes ways to achieve resilience in order to strengthen food sovereignty by 2030, through strategic irrigation, agricultural diversification and adaptive governance. Keywords Food security, Cereal dependency, Morocco, Agricultural policy, Food sovereignty, Resilience.
African Scientific Journal
African Scientific Journal
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