Abstract Neutron stars are natural laboratories of exotic forms of dense matter. Neutron stars constitute the final stage of stellar evolution, providing an opportunity to empirically test both mathematical models and quantum gravity theories. A thorough study of the structure and properties of these objects is of great importance for both astrophysics and nuclear physics. In this article, neutron stars are presented as one of the most mysterious objects in astrophysics, and their structure, extreme physical conditions, and possible connections with cosmic defects are investigated. It analyzes various neutron stars not only as massively condensed stellar remnants, but also as high-energy structures approaching defects on a cosmic scale. The article takes an indepth look at topics such as baryon degeneracy, superfluidity, thermal evolution, mass vacuum, the nature of magnetars, etc. In particular, it aims to connect the evolutionary stages of neutron stars over time in space with the theories of quantum gravity, highdensity matter, and topological defects. This approach analyzes neutron stars as the "last barrier" in the topological continuum of the Universe. While traditional astrophysical models describe neutron stars as relatively static objects, this paper views them in a new context—as topological objects approaching cosmic defects on a cosmic scale. The paper takes a step toward a broader and more unifying cosmological model, taking its place at the intersection of modern theoretical physics and astrophysics.