Ardhavabhedaka is a well-described Shiroroga in Ayurvedic classics, characterized by severe, recurrent, unilateral headache associated with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, giddiness and photophobia. Clinically, it closely resembles migraine as understood in contemporary medical science. Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disorder with high prevalence, particularly among women, and is a leading cause of disability affecting quality of life and work productivity. Conventional management often provides only symptomatic relief with significant recurrence and adverse effects. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach for the management of Ardhavabhedaka through Shodhana and Shamana therapies. Among these, Nasya Karma is considered the prime treatment modality for Urdhvajatrugata Rogas. This article reviews classical Ayurvedic literature and published research to understand Dosha–Agni–Samprapti and the role of Nasya Karma in Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine).