This article provides a comprehensive analysis of China’s role and political, economic, and geo-economic influence within the system of relations between Iran and the countries of Central Asia. Special attention is paid to China’s activities in Iran and Central Asia within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, including transport and communication projects, energy cooperation, and trade and investment relations. The study also evaluates China’s regional interests from the perspective of both convergence and competition with Iran’s foreign policy priorities. On the basis of scientific analysis, the article examines the current state, development trends, and future prospects of trilateral Iran–Central Asia–China relations.