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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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PT-Symmetric Gain–Loss Dynamics in Auto-Catalytic Reaction Networks

Authors: Mishra, Krishna C; khan, imran; Yadav, Astha; Koranga, Bipin Singh;

PT-Symmetric Gain–Loss Dynamics in Auto-Catalytic Reaction Networks

Abstract

Auto-catalytic chemical reactions are open non-equilibrium systemscharacterized by feedback-driven oscillations and instabilities that arenot always transparent within classical rate-equation formalisms. Inthis work, we introduce a PT-symmetric gain–loss framework formodeling auto-catalytic reaction networks, using the Belousov–Zhabotinsky(BZ) reaction [1-3] as a motivating example. Chemicalspecies are mapped onto a three-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian inwhich autocatalysis and decay are represented by balanced gain andloss terms. Eigenvalue analysis reveals unbroken, exceptional-point,and broken PT phases corresponding to stable oscillations, criticalthresholds, and runaway amplification in chemical dynamics. Timeevolution is computed using matrix exponentiation e −iHt , revealingnovel gain-loss induced oscillations, PT-phase transitions, andcomplex dynamical behavior in open chemical systems. This approachestablishes a dynamical-systems bridge between auto-catalyticchemistry and PT-symmetric non-Hermitian quantum physics.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green