
Resumen La provincia de Mendoza alberga una biodiversidad singular, fuertemente condicionada por la aridez, el gradiente altitudinal andino y la disponibilidad hídrica. Este informe analiza la configuración geofísica y climática como soporte de la vida, la distribución de las principales ecorregiones y la diversidad biológica asociada, con especial énfasis en especies endémicas y amenazadas. Se examina el rol de los humedales como núcleos de biodiversidad y su actual degradación por la sobreexplotación del agua. Asimismo, se evalúa la evolución y efectividad del sistema provincial de áreas naturales protegidas. Finalmente, se identifican las principales amenazas emergentes, particularmente el cambio climático, la megasequía prolongada y las invasiones biológicas, y se proponen lineamientos estratégicos para fortalecer la conservación y la gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas mendocinos. Palabras clave Biodiversidad; Mendoza; ecorregiones; aridez; humedales; áreas naturales protegidas; cambio climático; conservación. Abstract The province of Mendoza hosts a unique biodiversity shaped by arid conditions, Andean altitudinal gradients, and strong dependence on water availability. This technical report examines the geophysical and climatic framework that supports life, the main ecoregions, and their associated biological diversity, with particular attention to endemic and threatened species. It analyzes the ecological importance of wetlands as biodiversity hotspots and the severe degradation they face due to water overexploitation. The development and effectiveness of the provincial system of protected natural areas are also assessed. Finally, the report identifies emerging threats— especially climate change, prolonged megadrought, and biological invasions—and proposes strategic guidelines to strengthen conservation efforts and promote sustainable ecosystem management in Mendoza. Keywords Biodiversity; Mendoza; ecoregions; aridity; wetlands; protected areas; climate change; conservation.
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