Gloriosa superba L. is a medicinally important perennial climber widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Traditionally valued in indigenous and classical medicinal systems, the species is recognized for its therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory disorders, arthritis, gout, skin diseases, parasitic infections and certain chronic conditions. The plant is also a rich source of pharmacologically significant bioactive compounds, notably colchicine and gloriosine, which have established applications in modern medicine. Despite its wide geographical distribution and extensive ethnomedicinal use, natural populations of G. superba are increasingly threatened due to habitat loss and unsustainable harvesting practices. Present work comprehensively synthesizes the available literature on the habitat characteristics, geographical distribution, traditional medicinal uses and bioactive constituents of G. superba. Furthermore, it critically discusses current research findings, identifies major knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions emphasizing conservation, pharmacological validation and sustainable utilization of this valuable medicinal plant.