The Bangladesh Environmental Mobility Panel (BEMP) is a household panel survey conducted along the Jamuna River in Bangladesh tracing the impacts of riverbank erosion and flooding on (im)mobility, socio-economic outcomes, and political attitudes. The dataset follows 1,691 households (2,170 panel respondents) from 2021 to 2024 across four annual in-person survey waves and ten bi-monthly phone survey waves, yielding 24,279 completed surveys. Respondents were selected via a spatially randomized draw from villages at risk of erosion along the 250 km eastern bank of the Jamuna River. Migrants were tracked across waves, and the plausibly exogenous timing of erosion supports causal research designs linking environmental shocks to mobility. Geographic coverage: Primary study area (eastern bank of Jamuna River): 23.84°–25.67°N, 89.66°–89.85°E. Migrant follow-up locations: 23.69°–26.03°N, 88.85°–90.57°E. This deposit contains: - Survey datasets for all 20 wave files in CSV and Stata (.dta) format - Per-wave codebooks in CSV and PDF format - Survey questionnaires in PDF format - Cross-wave variable concordance lists - Qualitative data: transcripts of focus group discussions (Wave 1) and in-depth interviews with women (Wave 14) Surveys cover socio-demographics, livelihoods, economic outcomes and well-being, housing and land, conflict and cooperation, and political attitudes. The design supports gender- and age-sensitive analyses through multi-respondent sampling (household heads, senior females, youth, and left-behind members). See the included README for a full description of the file structure, wave naming conventions, and codebook format.